Disorders of Cellular Respiration in Diabetes

In diabetes, disorders of cellular respiration manifest through mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to reduced ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These abnormalities arise due to excess glucose and lipid substrates, overwhelming the mitochondria and disrupting their oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Impaired cellular respiration contributes to insulin resistance by compromising energy supply in insulin-sensitive tissues. Moreover, the accumulation of metabolic intermediates can activate inflammatory pathways, further aggravating the diabetic state. Improving mitochondrial function and bioenergetics may offer novel therapeutic strategies to enhance insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.