Fetomaternal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of GDM; however, its impact on fetomaternal outcomes in GDM pregnancies remains unclear.

Aim: To compare fetomaternal outcomes in women with GDM and PCOS with those having GDM alone.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 88 singleton pregnancies with GDM. PCOS was diagnosed using Rotterdam criteria. Participants were divided into GDM with PCOS and GDM without PCOS groups. Screening was performed using the DIPSI 75 g glucose challenge test followed by confirmatory testing. Maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed until delivery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results & Conclusion: No significant difference in fetomaternal outcomes was observed between women with GDM and PCOS and those with GDM alone. The presence of PCOS did not adversely affect pregnancy outcomes when appropriate antenatal surveillance and glycemic control were ensured.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, fetal outcomes

Dr. Vinita Singh (MBBS, MS, FICOG, FICMCH, FMAS) is a Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and In-charge of the Fetal Medicine Unit at AIIMS Raipur. She is a Fellow and Faculty of ICOG and Secretary, IAGE Chhattisgarh. Her areas of interest include fetal medicine, infertility, and endoscopic surgery. She is FMF UK and FMFI certified in uterine artery Doppler, cervical length assessment, second-trimester anomaly scan, fetal echocardiography, and neurosonography. She has received advanced fetal medicine training from Apollo Centre for Fetal Medicine and AIIMS Delhi and has published and presented extensively in fetal medicine and gynecology.