Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of diabetes, highlighting the role of inflammation and the immune system in diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells results from dysregulated immune responses, while in type 2 diabetes, low-grade systemic inflammation contributes to insulin resistance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 disrupt insulin signaling pathways, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction. Emerging therapies targeting inflammatory pathways, including immune-modulating drugs and anti-inflammatory diets, offer new possibilities for intervention. Research continues to explore how immune modulation can delay disease onset and improve long-term outcomes in diabetes management.
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