The impact of thyroid disorders and metabolic health extends far beyond hormonal regulation, influencing glucose metabolism, cardiovascular function, and overall energy balance. Hypothyroidism is linked to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, while hyperthyroidism accelerates metabolic processes and can lead to weight loss and glucose intolerance. Recent studies highlight the interplay between thyroid hormones and adipose tissue, shaping metabolic outcomes. Advances in thyroid diagnostics, including biomarker analysis and imaging techniques, allow for more precise disease management. Understanding these interactions enables the development of tailored treatments that address both thyroid dysfunction and metabolic disorders, leading to improved patient care.