Physiology Diabetes

Diabetes is a long-term condition that impairs the body's ability to control blood sugar (glucose) levels effectively. In diabetes, either the pancreas produces insufficient insulin (Type 1 diabetes), or the body becomes resistant to insulin's effects (Type 2 diabetes). Insulin is crucial for moving glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it's used for energy. Without proper insulin function, glucose accumulates in the blood, leading to hyperglycemia.

Over time, elevated blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and extremities. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and slow-healing wounds. Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and medication or insulin therapy can help manage diabetes, reduce complications, and improve overall health.