Abnormal Angiogenesis and Atherosclerosis

Abnormal angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetes-related complications, particularly atherosclerosis. In diabetes, elevated glucose levels lead to increased oxidative stress and inflammation, disrupting the balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. This imbalance fosters abnormal vessel growth, which can contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis—a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arterial walls. The dysfunctional blood vessels become more permeable and prone to thrombosis, heightening the risk of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, this aberrant angiogenesis can hinder proper blood flow, exacerbating tissue ischemia and metabolic disturbances. Understanding the interplay between diabetes, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients.