Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones in Diabetes

Gastrointestinal hormones, such as incretins, play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and insulin regulation, making them key factors in the pathophysiology of diabetes. The two main incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in response to food intake. In Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), the secretion or action of these hormones is impaired, contributing to inadequate insulin response and hyperglycemia. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been developed as therapeutic agents to improve insulin secretion, reduce glucagon levels, and promote weight loss in T2D patients. Understanding the role of gastrointestinal hormones in diabetes provides valuable insight into developing effective treatments for better glycemic control and long-term management of the disease.